Drinking Water Is Safe For Bottled Water - 1272 Words

Everyone wants to know which water is safe for them, is it bottled water or tap water? The US drinks more bottled water than any other country across the globe. Not only does the US consume more bottled water, but uses a lot of energy to produce the bottled water. In developing countries, tap water is safe and ‘drinkable’. Bottled water and tap water come from the same sources, but tap water is better than bottled water. Some ways in which tap water is better than bottled water is the cost, environmental impact, and safety. Researchers have shown that majority of people spend so much money buying bottled water daily and yet they have tap water that’s almost free. The amount of bottled water consumed per day around the global is more than that of tap water. An article from the USA Today Magazine states, â€Å"... demand for bottled water is increasing--producing unnecessary garbage and consuming vast quantities of energy. In the industrial world, bottled water is considered to be healthier than tap water because bottled water costs more than tap water. Bottled water can cost up to 10,000 times more. At as much as $2.50 per liter, bottled water costs more than gasoline.† According to the article, the demand for bottled water is increasing and that’s causing environmental concerns and using a large amount of energy. The industries that manufacture and produce bottled water need a lot of energy to purify the water and make the bottles. It is expensive for retailers to buy bottledShow MoreRelatedBottled Water And Water Treatment Process Levels Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesFirst, water is an important resource for consumers and the environment. Water is needed in the body to maintain health and the body’s mechanism. â€Å"People cannot survive without water resources in their everyday lives, which cost, taste, or health factors the cause for choice and how water consumption affects people and the environment† (Mythri , Chandu, Prashant, Subba, 2010, p. 515). The challenge is understanding the risk of drinking water, from either bottled water or tap water, and the adverseRead MoreThe Choice Of Bottled Water Over Tap Water Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesChoice of Bottled Water over Tap Water First, water is an important resource for consumers and the environment. The body needs water to maintain health and the body’s mechanism to work properly. â€Å"People cannot survive without water resources in their everyday lives, which cost, taste, or health factors the cause for choice and how water consumption affects people and the environment† (Mythri, Chandu, Prashant, Subba, 2010, p. 515). The challenge is understanding the risk of drinking water, from eitherRead MoreEssay about Water Purification for Safe Drinking Water580 Words   |  3 PagesWater Purification Safe drinking water is essential to every living being. Access to safe drinking water has improved over the past years, but still approximately one billion people are deprived of safe and clean water. Over 2.5 billion people have no access to adequate sanitation. A report, issued in November 2009, suggests that by 2030, in some developing regions of the world, water demand will exceed supply by 50% and approximately 70% of the fresh water used by humans goes to agriculture. PeopleRead MoreThe Effects Of Bottled Water On Human Being s Health And The Natural Environment1677 Words   |  7 PagesBottled water is one of products popularly consumed back to a few decades. Result from the production of bottled water, people likely prefer to drink bottled water than tap water while some researches find out the fact that water in bottle are not as safe as water provided by state companies. Why people choose to drink bottled water and whether bottled water is pure as advertisement are the crucial concerns, together with the effect of bottled water on human being’s health and the natural environmentRead MoreDrinking Bottled Water Is Not Good For The Environment1006 Words   |  5 Pageson buying bottled water. What they don t know is the difference between bottled and tap water. People buy bottled water because they think it s safer to drink. What they don’t know is that bottled water is bad for the environment. Bottled water manufacturers begin by putting the water into plastic bottles which then is shipped from one part of the world to another and then kept refrigerated before they sell it. Not only that, but people around the world are lacking safe drinkable water and are dyingRead MoreTap Water Vs Bottled Water957 Words   |  4 PagesTap water vs bottled water. One of the most significant resources in our life is water. However, when it comes to drinking water, people should be careful on choosing whether the water they are drinking is pure and healthy for them or not. People can make their own choice to drink a tap water or bottled water. Most people believe that bottled water is healthier than drinking tap water. However, they should take a look at the adverse effects of bottled water before they consume it. BottleRead MoreBenefits Of Drinking Bottled Water Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many benefits of drinking bottled water, but these benefits do not outweigh the costs. Drinking bottled water can have many negative effects on human health, and can be very harmful to the environment. Over the past ten years, the bottled water market has tripled. Every year the market grows ten percent from the previous year. Because the market is continuously growing, the amount of negative impacts of bottled water are also growing. Bottled water has been linked to health defects, illnessesRead MoreWater Contamination, Tap Water Vs Expensive Bottled Water1633 Words   |  7 Pagesby this experiment that we recently did on water contamination, tap water versus expensive bottled water. Our water is tap well water. While exploring the topic futher, our research area took place on our kitchen counter where we observed how the test chemicals reacted with the tap water versus the bottled waters. We needed to follow the directions thoroughly, so we got accurate results. We started with test strips of ammonia: all three glasses of water contained: 0 mg/L of ammonia, 0 mg/L of chlorideRead MoreWater Quality And Contamination. Introduction. Background:.1405 Words   |  6 PagesWater Quality and Contamination Introduction Background: Drinking water is vital to the health and well-being of human life, without it, life does not exist. Human bodies are composed of 60 percent water. Drinking healthy water is important to maintain a healthy balance of body fluids. Tap water and bottled water in general are safe to drink, the question is how safe and what are you willing to pay to consume healthy, safe water. Most Americans assume the Environmental Protection Agency is protectingRead MoreBottled Water And Its Effect On Our Society877 Words   |  4 Pagescitizens with safe and reliable means of drinking water. This was a tragic incident for the environment as well as the world’s citizens. While thousands of North Americans desire for bottle water increased, this gave corporations the opportunity to swoop in and save the day, and of course make a profit. This dawned the era of bottled water. Corporations began selling pre bottled â€Å"safe† water for the public to drink. People then began to get hooked o n the convenience of bottled water, and lost faith

The Democratic Alliance and the Future of South Africa

Good morning. As a representative and leader in the Democratic Alliance, I have come here today to explain to you why the DA sees a brighter and more opportune future for South Africa. However, we need your support in order to change our country into a nation of hope and for our dream of everyone to live in peace and prosperity to become a reality. To understand our manifesto and views, one needs to understand that the DA does not place people in a position of power according to their race, name or wealth, but rather their talents and efforts. This country cannot move forward without change, and as it stands the unemployment rates and the ever increasing problems are being put aside by the current government for personal ventures such as Nkandla that is surrounded by houses without running water. But dwelling on the negatives and current failures is not our objective. I am here to vie and let you decide that we are working towards a brighter future. it is understandable that people are worried that if they do not vote for the current government that the circumstances of apartheid and a dark past will reappear, but it can be assured that the DA are working towards changing the past and aim for a country that has equal opportunities for all. Our work is evident in the Western Cape where we govern and 76% of the provincial governments budget is spent on poor communities. The Western Capes unemployment rate is the lowest in the country, 12% lower than anywhere else in SouthShow MoreRelated The Role of External Pressure in the Fight Against Apartheid and Minority Rule in South Africa1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of External Pressure in the Fight Against Apartheid and Minority Rule in South Africa External pressure played a very important part in bringing about the end of the apartheid. The embodied rejection of White domination in South Africa, in formations of protests, strikes and demonstrations caused a decade of turbulent mass action in resistance to the imposition of still harsher forms of segregation and oppression. The Defiance Campaign of 1952 carried mass mobilisationRead MoreA better South Africa for the new South Africa Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesA better South Africa for the new South Africa The Apartheid struggle is not an anecdote about a few black people that lived under a suppressive government; it is a story about millions of black people who suffered tremendously under the oppressive classification system of the National Party. It is a story about bloodshed, suffering and tears. It is a story that serves as a painful reminder of the extent that a group of people would go to ensure that the purity of their race was conserved. The ApartheidRead MoreSouth Afric A Nation Of Diversity933 Words   |  4 PagesSouth Africa is located in Southern Africa, it stretches along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. South Africa is ranked the 25th largest country in the world by land area and 25th most populated nation. South Africa is the only nation-state named after its geographic location. After the establishment of a constitutional nonracial democracy in 1994, there was an agreement signed not to change its name. It is a nation of diversity. South Africa has 49.32-mi llion people and a variety of culturesRead MoreCome Visit South Africa1217 Words   |  5 Pages South Africa, which is the southernmost country on the African continent, is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on its west coast and by the Indian Ocean on both south and east coasts. It is renowned for its varied geography, extreme natural beauty, and cultural diversity. All of those attributes make it a desirable destination for travelers. Its neighbors are Namibia in the northwest, Zimbabwe and Botswana in the north, and Mozambique and Swaziland in the northeast. The kingdom of Lesotho forms anRead MoreInterpersonal Cross-Cultural Competencies And Capabilities1376 Words   |  6 Pagescross-cultural competencies and capabilities are critical to the US Army’s strategic objective in the future operating environment. The operational environment requires a holistic view of political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure systems. A country’s culture can be defined as a programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of a region or nation fro m another. South Africa has a rich and complex culture and history of its own since its independence from Britain nearlyRead MorePolitical Ideologies2403 Words   |  10 Pagespolitical actions. Its central features are an account of existing power relationships, a model of a desired future, and an outline of how political change can and should be brought about. (2007: 68) This essays main focus will be discussing the main ideologies and focuses of the two leading political parties of South Africa. The African National Congress or ANC and the Democratic Alliance also known as DA. An important insight into both their ideology will be gained by analysing how both partiesRead MoreApartheid and The Future of South Africa in Cry, The Beloved Country1044 Words   |  5 PagesArthur, Napoleon, and Msimangu, all characters from Alan Paton’s book, Cry, The Beloved Country, are used to share Paton’s points of view on the future of South Africa and the apartheid. Paton uses these characters to represent specific views; Arthur expresses clearly that the apartheid isn’t the right way to progress as a country, Napoleon exemplifies how Paton thinks people should take the anti-apartheid effort, and Msimangu explicitly expresses Paton’s ideas of an ideal leader. Arthur JarvisRead MoreSocio-Economic Inequality in South Africa is Due to the Institutionalised Ideological Mismatch Regarding Labour and Economic Policy1665 Words   |  7 PagesSocio-economic inequality in South Africa is due to the institutionalised ideological mismatch regarding labour and economic policy Economic growth is shaped by policy context and promoted most effectively when it is consistent with either liberal market or co-ordinated market ideal type varieties of Capitalism. Policy inconsistency dampers economic growth post-apartheid South Africa attempted to adopt a social-democratic and co-ordinated variety of Capitalism. This failed due to the adoptionRead MoreHardball Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessful or not. Having alliances, enemies, and deals is all part of it. In the book â€Å"Hardball: How Politics is Played† written by Chris Mathews explains what it takes to get ahead in politics and how to avoid disasters techniques previously used by others. â€Å"It’s not who you know; it’s who you get to know.† Forming alliances is very important when trying to climb the ladder higher in politics. In 1949 LBJ joined the senate and by the end of 1952 he had won the job of top Democratic leader. Before anythingRead MoreThe Global Economic and Political Implications of the South African 2014 General Elections1164 Words   |  5 Pagesyear for South Africa. The first elections after the death of South African ex-president Nelson Mandela will take place and after twenty years of democracy, the world will be watching us again. The world holds much interest in the economy and politics of South Africa as was discussed in Appendix A and Appendix B and it is safe to assume that the world is a stakeholder in the politics and economy of South Africa. The purpose of this essay is to explore the world’s stake in South Africa, its nature

Forward Contract free essay sample

Suppose that you enter into a six-month forward contract on a non-dividend-paying stock when the stock price is $30 and the risk-free interest rate (with continuous compounding) is 12% per annum. What is the forward price? Problem 5. 4. A stock index currently stands at 350. The risk-free interest rate is 8% per annum (with continuous compounding) and the dividend yield on the index is 4% per annum. We will write a custom essay sample on Forward Contract or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What should the futures price for a four-month contract be? Problem 5. 9. A one-year long forward contract on a non-dividend-paying stock is entered into when the stock price is $40 and the risk-free rate of interest is 10% per annum with continuous compounding. a) What are the forward price and the initial value of the forward contract? b) Six months later, the price of the stock is $45 and the risk-free interest rate is still 10%. What are the forward price and the value of the forward contract? Problem 5. 12. Suppose that the risk-free interest rate is 10% per annum with continuous compounding and that the dividend yield on a stock index is 4% per annum. The index is standing at 400, and the futures price for a contract deliverable in four months is 405. What arbitrage opportunities does this create? Problem 5. 14. The two-month interest rates in Switzerland and the United States are 2% and 5% per annum, respectively, with continuous compounding. The spot price of the Swiss franc is $0. 8000. The futures price for a contract deliverable in two months is $0. 8100. What arbitrage opportunities does this create? Problem 5. 27. A stock is expected to pay a dividend of $1 per share in two months and in five months. The stock price is $50, and the risk-free rate of interest is 8% per annum with continuous compounding for all maturities. An investor has just taken a short position in a six-month forward contract on the stock. a) What are the forward price and the initial value of the forward contract? b) Three months later, the price of the stock is $48 and the risk-free rate of interest is still 8% per annum. What are the forward price and the value of the short position in the forward contract?

Manage Workforce Planning

Question: Develop an implementation plan (of approximately 2000 words) which includes a succession plan that addresses internal labour needs in the medium to long term (e.g. for the next year), utilising succession planning principles and incorporating a retention plan. Utilise the specific recommendations in Assessment 1 to detail the implementation of the plan. The plan should include the following: An organisation chart which highlights positions identified for succession planning Identify how government may influence future labour demand and labour supply for the organisation Determine any external local or global trends which could influence demand for the organisations goods and services Based on previous recommendations: determine the staffing changes required to ensure that the organisation continues to operate effectively Provide timelines for the implementation of the workforce plan, including recruitment and training schedules Make recommendations to address unacceptable levels of staffing turnover, and workforce retention and in developing the organisation as an employer of choice Identify an organisational change issue for the next year and advise implementation strategies to assist the workforce to deal with the organisational change Using the same timeframe as per your workforce plan, identify key positions (at least 3) suitable from your organisation chart for your succession plan and then identify suitable employees to fill these key positions List some options for development and retention of targeted employees for the succession plan. Answer: A proper implementation plan would assist the firm for moving project through development towards service stipulation. This implementation plan would vary through community till community. The implementation plan will be used to: Recognize a proper time line intended for the implementation Train as well as educate the service providers or the staffs Define the roles as well as responsibilities of all the service providers Expand written procedures for the referrals (Anderson 2004) Extend proper communication protocols amongst service suppliers plus working sets Develop appropriate policies plus procedures Confirm the performance indicators on the basis of firms logic model. Powercor Australia in reality is the Victorian sharing business which owns as well as operates electricity network which supplies the electricity towards central as well as western Victoria along with above one million consumers state wide (Arman, Bazrafkan and Tabar 2014). Electricity division industry is even regulated through the government for ensuring appropriate reliability as well as quality of the supply to the customers. There also is very strict governance towards ensuring safety of public, especially in the bushfire level locations. Such regulations also dictate the way in which business should perform as well as operate. Few of initiatives realized also include Smart Meter rollout as well as recommendations that follow 2009 Bushfire Royal Commission (Callaghan 2005). Positions recognized for the succession planning: Powercor Australia would actually require all its employees to hold as well as support novel technologies towards achieving the directions that it really wants to. Towards achievement of growth within Services Business extra field employees would be needed to properly undertake enhanced works. All these staffs would even need to properly be lively participants within the use of novel technologies plus innovations. Along with reviewed as well as improved procedures less number of staffs would be needed for planning of the tasks. In reality excess staff could also be trained and their capability could be raised wherever possible as well as they also could be moved into some other locations of business for enhancing their skills and making them multitalented. The employees that stay in the firm would also be properly trained as well as would be enforced to embrace latest processes towards total full advantage of novel technologies that could also be attained by these employees (CAPPELLI 2009). Also Network Services require to be enhanced and here the workforce also needs to be increased, particularly along with the field staffs like the line workers, Engineers and even the cable jointers plus testers and many more. Such a workforce would need skills plus competencies that would praise novel technologies as well as be capable of supplying extra innovative goods. This would also enhance all its field based staffs by somewhat 25 % in coming 2 years ('Casualty: The Training, Organisation, And Administration Of Civil Defence Casualty Services' 1940). The novel employees would also require to get a proper mix of the ages amid 20 35 years old in order to spread age and maintain it all across business. THE WAY IN WHICH GOVERNMENT WOULD INFLUENCE PROSPECT LABOR DEMAND AS WELL AS LABOR SUPPLY There exists strict governance for ensuring safety of local public, especially in the bushfire prone locations. All such guidelines as well as regulations of the government dictates the ways in which business should perform plus operate. These regulations also affect the labor demand plus labor supply as sometimes extra rules enables the labors to increase their price and demand for extra wages. Demand for the labor within electricity industry also gets driven vastly by the government proposals, like infrastructure spending as well as regulatory needs, for instance Bushfire Mitigation as well as Advanced Infrastructure of the Metering rollout. Industrial plus residential enhancements even contribute towards industry. And also short run resourcing forces have no difficulty due to sluggish within the Australias economy. EXTERNAL LOCAL OTHERWISE GLOBAL TRENDS THAT INFLUENCE DEMAND OF ORGANISATIONS GOODS PLUS SERVICES Income of consumer: Consumers demand here is getting influenced by size of the income that he/she earns. If a person earns more he is able to pay higher electricity bills and vice versa. With enhancement within level of the income, there also is enhancement in demand for products as well as extra services. A proper rise in income of consumer results in the rise of consumption of electricity because lifestyle rises and people shift to new home (Fink and Mayrhofer 2007). Price of commodity: Price is also vital factor that influences the demand for electricity. Usually, demand for electricity would tend to increase when the price of the per unit falls, in similar way if price of the bills increase the demand for electricity would contract. Change in distribution of the income: If distribution of the income tends to be unequal, there also might be several poor public and very less rich public in the society. The phase of demand within such society would also be low (Guthrie 1961). State of the economic actions: In reality this is a great and very vital determinant that influences demand for the commodity. At the time of boom, affluence prevails within the real economy. Investment and employment as well as income also increase. This enhances the demand for electricity. STAFFING CHANGES 50% of new staffs must be apprentice- It means that merely bringing in novel employees wont work appropriately for the business. Rather firm will need to train these staffs properly in order to attain better results in coming future. Particular recruitment strategy towards attracting females- Such a strategy would help the firm to lower its cost that it has to spend behind recruiting and also the business will be able to fulfil a social corporate responsibility that would in turn provide it with extra name and fame in the society (Islam and aleem). Powercor Australias has very vital number of old assets which are now approaching towards end of their lives and are to their declining stage. An efficient investment within renewal as well as replacement of such assets would help the firm to ensures that they are properly maintained within bounds of the businesses engineering stricture as well as are very cost-effective towards maintaining and at the same time delivering proper levels of security and safety, reliability plus quality of the service for the customers. The business needs to developed proper forecasts related to the asset renewal as well as replacement expenses through analysis of all its historical trends within replacement tasks and also asset performance joined with explicit programs for asset replacement (Iuzzolino, 2009). TIMELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN Short term- Powercor even requires retraining all its staffs within Planning plus Scheduling Departments in order to understand as well as embrace all novel processes. These employees must also be properly trained within next 12 months so that the business is capable of attaining its aims and objectives as soon as possible. There are presently shortages within supply of the skilled labor in whole electricity providing industry (PaliokaitÄ— and PaÄ Ãƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬â€sa 2014). This actually refers to the fact that there would be immense upward pressure upon wages of all those that have relevant knowledge and skills. Long term- Since this is predictable to attract many novel workers towards electricity sector there also are chances of skills imbalances that might take time to get resolved, because entry in the electricity field task needs proper four year training and also some two long years of proper on-job experience as well as training. Such a shortage of novel skilled labor will be worsened by fact that approximately 40% of the trades people presently in electricity segment are actually aged 45 years and more. Powercor forecast intended for renewal speculation capital spending will take over next 20 years (King,2006). RECOMMENDATIONS To recognize actual potential effect of tightening of the labor supply as well as demand, the business must engaged towards undertaking a proper quantitative evaluation of all the expected outside labor rates intended for electricity distribution segment over subsequent regulatory phase. The focus must be upon exterior labour rates that would also reflect the businesses policy of utilizing predominantly exterior labour for undertaking all its operating as well as maintenance actions (Mandula 1990). The firms analysis might involve construction of proper sector as well as region detailed regression replica which might later be used towards explaining the movements within labour rates that will be generated by the macro as well as micro economic facts. The model will also be on the basis of information that will be attained from Australian Bureau of the Statistics as well as BIS Shrapnel (YAMAZAKI and HIDESHIMA 2008). Since the electricity distribution segment is expected to increase amid 4 to 5% every year in the original terms over phase 2004-10, total operating as well as maintenance expenses are assumed to have no movement within the material costs and this might also increase by some 3.2 to 4.0% within absence of some other efficiency enhancements. The business also expects significant aloft pressure upon wages of many skilled staffs in electricity division over next dictatorial period. Thus the firm is suggested to get well prepared (Okumura 2011). Growth within the investment would also increase competition intended for all the skilled labours which also in absence of enhanced supply of the skilled resources within short till medium run, would drive up all the remuneration to the workers in electricity division without any actual consequential efficiency offsets (Wright 1990). ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE ISSUE Within the Human Resource vital issues that needs to be addressed indulge proper HRM practices and employee training as well as development, staff retention that too particularly in the regional locations as well as workforce diversity. Also associated with HRM research the main areas of change in the business are related to training of staffs, retention of employees and also leaving of several unskilled labors from the firm (Pascoe 2007). Consider following chart. It shows initially majority of employees that are a "cost" to firm with passing time, along with gaining of right talent live out, they have become extra valuable (Vithessonthi 2010). Source: (Pearce 1997) KEY POSITIONS Powercor Australia has actually prepared right peak demand predetermination on the basis of all its detailed know-how about the historic load prototype all across network as well as predictable drivers of the future growth within the demand at dissimilar points in network. Such demand of forecasts, along with data related to known enhancements at explicit locations within network, form basis intended for planning all needed network expansion plus reinforcement (Plath,2007). Network Services needs to be improved and here workforce even desires to be greater than before, particularly when it comes to field employees like line workers, Engineers as well as cable jointers and even testers plus many more. This type of workforce needs to be improved for supplying better services and earning extra profit plus competencies which would praise fresh technologies and also be able to supply further innovative products. This might also enhance every of its field on the basis of staffs to some ext ent by 25 % in coming 2 years (Rothwell 2011). DEVELOPMENT PLUS RETENTION OF ALL TARGETED STAFFS FOR SUCCESSION PLAN The main aim and goal of the business will be to lay down strategy for retaining the workforce for supporting the firm with a better plan, development as well as management of a qualified, content as well as flexible workforce, by providing them very attractive path for career in the sector ('V. Implementation Of The Plan' 1978). Diversity within the business would need to cover gender, language and ethnicity as well as several different cultural background and age, sexual direction plus even religious belief as well as family responsibilities. This diversity will include several ways through which people will be seen differently, like educational level and life experience plus work experience as well as socio-economic milieu, personality in addition to marital status (Rustam 2010). There must exist proper understanding of the causes why people actually would stay, and also why they leave. The staffs must be provided with proper training. The staffs will be provided with several monetary plus non monetary incentives (Scott and Wahi 1974). SURVEY QUESTION: Are you satisfied with what you get from your present organization? What hike do you expect in your salary? What are your basic skills? What are the types of incentives you expect from the organization you are working in? What are the types of incentives you expect from the organization you would further working in? What are you basic demands from your employer? (Sisle 1993) ANALYSIS: No the current workforce plan is not effective to the extent it should be. It still needs many changes and alterations and even requires several corrections to be done. The plan needs to be reviewed and all the facts related to the staffs renewal, retention as well as survival needs to be indulged plus considered (Tolstoy 1986). References Anderson, M. W. 2004. 'The Metrics Of Workforce Planning'. Public Personnel Management 33 (4): 363-378. doi:10.1177/009102600403300402. Arman, Aziz, Roohallah Bazrafkan, and Sepideh Tabar. 2014. 'An Evaluation Of Factors ( Wages And Output ) Affecting The Demand For Labor In The Industrial Workshops ( Using GJR Method )'. Academic Journal Of Research In Economics And Management 2 (9): 22-29. doi:10.12816/0006593. Callaghan, Stephen. 2005. 'Primary Care Trust Workforce Planning And Developmentprimary Care Trust Workforce Planning And Development'. Nursing Standard 20 (5): 36-36. doi:10.7748/ns2005.10.20.5.36.b391. CAPPELLI, PETER. 2009. 'A Supply Chain Approach To Workforce Planning'. Organizational Dynamics 38 (1): 8-15. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2008.10.004. 'Casualty: The Training, Organisation, And Administration Of Civil Defence Casualty Services'. 1940. Public Health 54: 79-80. doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(40)80073-5. Fink, Gerhard, and Wolfgang Mayrhofer. 2007. 'Introduction To The Special Issue: Managerial Challenges Of Demographic, Political And Economic Change'. Journal Of Organisational Transformation Social Change 3 (2): 115-119. doi:10.1386/jots.3.2.115_2. Guthrie, Harold W. 1961. 'DEMAND FOR TOURISTS' GOODS AND SERVICES IN A WORLD MARKET'. Papers In Regional Science 7 (1): 159-175. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1961.tb01777.x. Islam, Md. Shariful, and majid aleem. 'Successful Succession In Family Businesses: Individual Level Factors And Succession Planning Models'. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1650557. Iuzzolino, Giovanni. 'Demand And Supply Of Hospital Services: International Trends'. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1344259. King, James D. 'The Administrative Shuffle: First-Term Changes In Presidential Staffing'. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1917555. Mandula, Barbara B. 1990. 'Demand For Doctorates Prospects For Faculty In The Arts And Sciences: A Study Of Factors Affecting Demand And Supply, 1987 To 2012 William G. Bowen Julie Ann Sosa'. Bioscience 40 (10): 782-784. doi:10.2307/1311517. Okumura, Tsunao. 2011. 'Nonparametric Estimation Of Labor Supply And Demand Factors'. Journal Of Business Economic Statistics 29 (1): 174-185. doi:10.1198/jbes.2010.08068. Paliokait, Agn, and Nerijus Pa sa. 2014. 'The Relationship Between Organisational Foresight And Organisational Ambidexterity'. Technological Forecasting And Social Change. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2014.03.004. Pascoe, John R. 2007. 'Editorial Staffing Changes'. Veterinary Surgery 36 (7): 609-609. doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2007.00328.x. Pearce, Richard. 1997. 'Retirement And The Retention Of Faculty Lines: Changes In Staffing And Curriculum At A Small Liberal Arts College'. ADE, 46-49. doi:10.1632/ade.116.46. Plath, Christian. 'Analyzing Credit And Governance Implications Of Management Succession Planning'. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1285082. Rothwell, William J. 2011. 'Replacement Planning: A Starting Point For Succession Planning And Talent Management'. International Journal Of Training And Development 15 (1): 87-99. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2419.2010.00370.x. Rustam, R. 2010. 'Study Of Factors Affecting Demand And Supply Of Sugar In Indonesia'. Journal Of Research In National Development 7 (2). doi:10.4314/jorind.v7i2.50943. Scott, John T., and P. L. Wahi. 1974. 'Factors Affecting The Labor Supply Schedule In An Industrializing Rural Area'. Illinois Agricultural Economics 14 (1): 31. doi:10.2307/1348984. Sisle, M. 1993. 'Strategic Plan Implementation Begins'. SIMULATION 61 (4): 256-256. doi:10.1177/003754979306100408. Tolstoy, Leo. 1986. 'Succession Planning'. Planning Review 14 (3): 47-47. doi:10.1108/eb054148. 'V. Implementation Of The Plan'. 1978. AORN Journal 28 (4): 624-627. doi:10.1016/s0001-2092(07)61668-8. Vithessonthi, Chaiporn. 2010. 'Resistance To Change As Issue Selling In Multinational Firms'. Journal Of Organisational Transformation Social Change 7 (3): 265-284. doi:10.1386/jots.7.3.265_1. Wright, George. 1990. 'PLAN, IMPLEMENTATION, REVIEW'. Australian Planner 28 (4): 21-26. doi:10.1080/07293682.1990.9657483. YAMAZAKI, Toshio, and Eizo HIDESHIMA. 2008. 'The Effects Of Visual Materials On District Residents Upon Recalling Their Recognized Space Configuration'. INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 25: 299-310. doi:10.2208/journalip.25.299.

Thirteen Days A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis free essay sample

An analysis of Robert Kennedys book describing his account of the Cuban Missile Crisis. This paper begins with a summary of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The basic plot and the main characters detailed in the book are then identified and the decision-making process is analyzed. A background of the author and origins of the book are provided. A critical analysis of the book follows. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis published in 1969, is Robert Kennedys account of the major symbol (the Cuban missile crisis) of cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. In the year 1962, after the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the USSR increased its support of Fidel Castros Cuban regime. In the summer of the same year, Nikita Khrushchev, who was heading the Soviet Union, secretly decided to install ballistic missiles in Cuba. In October, the U.S. reconnaissance flights revealed the clandestine construction of missile launching sites, [U-2 had just finished a photographic mission (Kennedy: 1971, 19)] Which led to President Kennedy publicly denouncing the Soviet actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He imposed a naval blockade on Cuba and declared that any missile launched from Cuba would warrant a full-scale retaliatory attack by the United States against the Soviet Union. On October 24, Russian ships carrying missiles to Cuba turned back. On October 28 Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles and dismantle the missile sites. Consequently, the United States ended its blockade on November 20, and by the end of the year the missiles and bombers were altogether removed from Cuba.

Taste of paradise

Taste of paradise Introduction The book Tastes of Paradise by Wolfgang Schivelbusch is devoted to the history of human preferences in food and beverages. In addition, the author tries to link the food preferences of people at different periods of time to the social changes and historic events.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taste of paradise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim of this essay is to analyze whether the stimulants tasted by people change our social class and history. The main idea of the book In the book Tastes of Paradise, Wolfgang Schivelbusch gives us an interesting opinion on the role of spices, coffee, alcohol, tobacco, and other stimulants in our history and social development. The author argues that the discovery of these stimulants influences the way of our life greatly and, thus, impact our history. He mentions that people has been highly valuing the spices from the ancient times. The salt is one of the mos t widespread ingredients which everyone has on their kitchen. However, not everyone knows that the salt was associated with the health in the ancient times. However strange it seems to us now, but people believed that the salt improved their health. Nowadays we know that this is not really so. The excessive consumption of salt may cause serious diseases. The author gives the examples from history when people dared to travel millions miles from home in order to provide the supply of the exotic ingredients to Europe. The spices, coffee, tea, and tobacco became the privilege of European aristocracy. The availability of these products made the foreign lands the bone of contention among the European empires. Furthermore, these goods became the objects of the brisk trade. In order to get the access to them, the European nations took the bold actions and even engaged in the military conflicts. The price of spices, coffee, tobacco and other exotic goods in the international market attracted the merchants from different countries. Essentially, the trade in these goods was the source of the initial accumulation of capital. The author also states that the attitude of people to some stimulants and natural ingredients depended on their religious views and beliefs. In particular, he mentions that the labor and activity were some of the highest values among the Protestants. It is not surprising that the coffee had always been their favorite beverage. Besides, they did not consume the alcohol and the coffee had become a substitute to it, to some extent.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast, the Catholics preferred the chocolate. It was the delicacy available only to the Catholic aristocracy and the ordinary people did not have access to it. Therefore, a substantial number of arguments proving the influence of the exotic natural ingredients on the ma nkind development exist. Tastes and modern society Nowadays people also like different kinds of stimulants and natural ingredients enhancing the taste qualities of dishes. However, the attitude of people to them has changed. They still like these goods but they understand that many of these products cause harm to their health. The doctors often claim that coffee influences the nervous and cardiovascular systems negatively. The excessive consumption of spices can also be harmful. Smoking is said to be the cause of cancer and many other diseases. Even the black tea can cause harm to our health if we drink it frequently. The information about the usefulness and harmfulness of various products available on the market is what people lacked in the past. Today we have an opportunity to find a lot of information in the Internet or other media. Besides, the medical science advanced substantially. The doctors worry us about the negative consequences of the consumption of various products. Nev ertheless, a lot of people continue smoking, drinking alcohol, coffee and eating spices I think these products continue influencing our lives substantially. In spite of the fact that we have become more aware of their qualities, we still spend some part of our budget on them. The alcohol and tobacco companies earn profits on people addiction to the alcohol and nicotine. Very often people who have low income are ready to pay a significant price for cigarettes, coffee, and alcohol. Undoubtedly, these products influence their economic welfare. The consumption of the expensive wines, scotches, other beverages, and cigars is still considered to be the sign of the social status and prosperity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taste of paradise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I agree with the idea that the stimulants influence the social development. They reflect people habits. And it is a well-known fact that our habits r eflect our mentality. It would be logical to say that these products influence our history. Conclusion In order to summarize all above mentioned, it should be said that the tastes and food preferences play a crucial role in our life. The author of the book Tastes of Paradise expressed the idea that the stimulants and spices impact the social development and the history of mankind. He gives a number of persuasive arguments. I agree with his statement. In my opinion, our tastes and preferences reflect our values and personal features. That is why they indirectly influence our life path.

The impacts of the recent recession on consumer behaviour with airline Dissertation

The impacts of the recent recession on consumer behaviour with airline industry - Dissertation Example In marketing management customers are the key concern. This means that understanding the behaviour pattern of the customers is essential for the managers. Traditional marketing management emphasized on product features and competitive positioning of the product (Abramovich, 2005). The conventional marketing management theory focuses on the customer relationship with the marketers of the company and the product value (Statt, 2011). The purchasing behaviour of the consumers relates strongly to the segmentation of the markets. There are three types of segmentation; geographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation and demographic segmentation. Geographic segmentation means to divide the market area according to the location of the potential customers. Psychographic segmentation means to segregate a consumer’s characteristics and behaviour. Demographic segmentation means the division of consumer groups according to variables such as wealth, gender, age and education level etc (B lythe, 2008). The managers of the company can strengthen their relationship with the consumers. The relational bonding between customers and employees will enable the managers to develop a product which will fulfil the consumer wants and needs. An established connection with the consumer provides the marketers information regarding the consumer behaviour. For example, the marketers would like to repurpose their products and services without hampering the core value of the product. This means that the marketers would meet the consumers’ needs without impacting the brand itself (Bjerre, Knudtzen and Heding, 2008). From basic necessities to luxury items, consumer purchasing behaviour is dependent on psychological influences of the customer which includes brand loyalty, changing attitude of the consumers etc (Vanhuele, Wright and East, 2013). Factors Affecting Consumer Behaviour during Recession 1) Economic Factors i) Personal income: If the personal income of the consumer is hig h and is not affected by the impact of the recession then the demand of the products will remain high. However, if the income of the consumer is affected by recession then the consumer will not buy the product or depend on its substitute whose price is lower. ii) Family income: The income of the family plays a significant role in the purchase decision making. A rise in the income of the family member will motivate another family member to increase his/her spending however, if there is fall in the income of the family member during recession then the spending of the family will decrease. During recession the family members spend on necessary items. iii) Government policy: During recession the government policy may change and have a significant impact of the economy. An increase in the price of the food items and non food items will make the consumer calculative. When there is a rise in price of the food items then consumers do not decrease their expenditure as food is a necessary ite m but they decrease their expenditure on other non food items (M.Trehan and R. Trehan, 2007). 2) Socio- cultural Factors i) Family: There is a significant impact of the family size and the structure on the consumer decision making. If the family size is large and there is an increase in the prices of the consumable items during recession, then the

World war 2 through the 1970's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World war 2 through the 1970's - Research Paper Example There were several turning points in America through the 1970s. These were the points of time when a significant change occurred. They were also moments of decision. At this time, there were many changes taking place around the world. Millions were dead, and the United States had become a super power (Finkelman, 2005). A sweeping historical turning point during the Second World War through the 1970s was the Watergate scandal. This political scandal took place in 1972, in the United States. There was a break in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington DC at the Watergate office complex. At the time, Richard Nixon was the president and his administration attempted to cover up its involvement in the break in. During the investigation into the scandal, many things got found out. It became discovered that president Nixon was taping all the conversations in the white House. It was this tapes that when later they got handed over government investigators implicated the president to have got involved in the cover up. Money that also got found on the burglars got connected to a slush fund used by fundraising group for the re-election of the president. Nixon’s vice president Agnew also admitted to tax evasion. The scandal was a crucial turning point because it led Americans to have key mistrust within their leaders and thus begin to question their leadership skills. It had a vital political impact on politics because political leaders and everyone else are fully aware that no one is above the law. This is because this scandal led to the resignation of a United States president. In America today, there is closer examination of the procedures of the executive office by the public. It served as a civic lesson to the public. People began to pay keen attention to their leaders and started to question leaders in local and state offices. This scandal also asserted the judiciary’s power to bring justice and equality of opportunity. Another key historical turning point that occurred during the World War II through the 1970s was the civil rights movement. This was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law. It took place between 1950 and 1980 (Finkelman, 2005). It took the form of civil resistance and campaigns aimed at bringing change. In some places, it became accompanied by armed rebellion and civil unrest. In America, the social rights movements aimed at outlawing racial discrimination and restoring voting rights to blacks. These movements not only gave equality to African American’s but also women. This had a significant impact on America today as it eventually led to the first black president and women in politics are reaching for the glass ceiling. This movement in America ensured that today certain groups of people got allowed to hold the basic rights that are guaranteed in the constitution. African Americans and women have an equal opportunity to be wealthy and lead a good life. No oneâ€⠄¢s rights get limited by law in America today as previously was the case. This movement ensured that today there is equality of rights and opportunities in America (Finkelman, 2005). America in the late 1930s wanted to stay out of the European conflict that became the World War II. This was because World War I had ended just 15 years earlier, and it was still a fresh wound to many Americans. World War I killed people, cost money, damaged property and affected everyone who encountered it. Most of them believed that the lives lost in World War I were so many and it was not worth it. A majority of American population was opposed to any policy that could involve the United States in another bloody conflict. In the years after the world war I Americans had reached the conclusion that it had been a disastrous mistake to

The effects of video games on children Research Paper

The effects of video games on children - Research Paper Example It will also expound on how video games have contributed to impairment of children’s morals. According to Positive and Negative Effects of Video Games (1) and Children and Video Games: Playing with Violence (1), video games enhance children to develop hand-eye coordination. This is because of the involvement of both hands and eyes in playing these games. For instance, when children play football matches on their computers, they ensure their fingers are on the right keys whereas their eyes are glued on the screen. Video games also enable children to become creative and quick in thinking. In most occasions, children playing games are obliged to make rapid steps required in order to win the game. It is also evident that video games are associated with an increase in attentiveness of young children. This is evidenced by the much attention paid to the games by the participants. Additionally, video games make children become cautious in whatever activities they do life(Balter 667). For instance, they make children not to take anything for granting. They also make children have the habit of utilizing any presented chance effectively. It is also apparent that occasional interaction with video games makes children develop crucial skills in life. For instance, video games have been found to not only contribute to the development of math and reading skills in children, but also enable them recognize some patterns that need to be addressed (Children and Video Games: Playing with Violence 1). This is evidenced by the calculations associated with the video games. Thus, it is convincible that video games make children become good in algebra. It is also evident that most children that take part in playing video games learn about some things in life faster than those who do not take part in playing any game. Thus, it is apparent that video games aid in the development of

The Next Generation Of Recycling Bins English Language Essay

The Next Generation Of Recycling Bins English Language Essay For many years people have practiced recycling. In old times, where resources were less abundant than today, people would be more conscious about reducing, reusing and recycling. On the other hand, people nowadays dont even bother to stop and think about what is going to happen once all raw materials on Earth are gone. They dont realize that once it is all used up, there will be no way to get some more anywhere else. What happens when people dont recycle is that all the recyclable products that are thrown away go straight into landfills altogether with other waste, and then it is all eventually lost. There is, however, a small part of the population who does contribute to the recycling process, but it is just a minority, the other part of the population either doesnt realize the significance of recycling or they just dont care. This small minority that helps recycling things includes some companies and important people. They have been trying to get more and more people involved in the recycling process. Even channels for children have created projects to motivate kids and teach them about the significance of recycling. For example, Disney Channel has its own project called Friends For Change, where they have the main goal of teaching kids how to help and care about the planet. That is very important because kids will grow up to be more conscious about the environment. On the other hand, older people are more complicated to convince or persuade that recycling is very important. Simple things have been created in order to help people recycle and motivate them to do it in their own houses, so they dont even have to go anywhere else to recycle because these recycling containers can be place in their kitchen or anywhere they want. There are many different designs with lots of different features. These bins have diverse purposes depending on what people are looking for. There are certain containers that include two compartments, one for recyclable products and the other one for other wastes. Other bins contain different compartments labeled so that each recyclable material can be placed on separate places. Some have pedals, so people dont have to use their hands to open up the trashcan; others have sensors so that the lid opens up automatically. Even though the containers sound like a great deal, it might not be that good of a deal because people have been complaining about the containers being too small, or too expensive, or too fragile and easily broken. A solution to this problem is to design and create a new improved container that will be made of stainless steel to make it more resistant and durable, that will contain larger compartments to place the trash or recyclable items, that will include an infrared sensor lid opener, and that will have a longer warranty period. Today in the United States, Americans use over 80,000,000,000 aluminum soda cans every year. At one time, aluminum was more expensive than gold. Thats not even including the 50 billion disposable plastic water bottles Americans use a year. That makes up almost 20% of the composition in an average dump. Bottles and cans are some of the easiest items to recycle but yet Americans still have trouble recycling them. Call it laziness or ignorance about the subject, but there should be more efficient advances to allow recycling bottles and cans easier for Americans. Most raw materials are resources that cannot be created or formed by human beings. That means the amount of these raw materials that exist in the planet are limited, and once they are used up completely by people, there is no way to produce more. This is why it is so important to think wisely when it comes to recycling or just throwing away valuable materials into the trash. For many years, it has been difficult to educate peopl e the significance of recycling, and these attempts have been unsuccessful because only a minority of the population has been contributing to the recycling process. The lack of care for the environment is just going to turn the world into a huge landfill. America has always been the place where everyone wants to come and live, but with statistics such as these soon there wont be anything but landfills. With that said, saving the environment should be a very important objective for Americans. Technology today is extremely advanced, yet there isnt any technological advance to sort out bottles and cans more efficiently. The recycling process in America today offers each household a pair of recycling bins to recycle plastics/glass bottles, empty soda cans, and other containers that are later recycled after a long process of separating wastes according to their composition. Every week, workers pick up these bins and take them back to the facility to sort the items in the bins, but the bottles and cans that are thrown in the trash by people, do not get recycled. These recyclable items make it to the landfills and take up valuable space that could be used for other waste. Most public places such as schools and shopping malls today have designated trash bins for glass/plastic bottles and aluminum cans, which really help the process of recycling. Yet people still dont always place those recyclable bottles and cans into those bins and they dont get recycled. In order to help the consumers recycle more efficiently, different types of containers for recyclable items have been developed. These developments make recycling much more convenient and assessable for the consumer. The consumers dont even have to leave their homes in order to recycle; it is just a matter of buying one of those containers. The problem is that some are expensive, some are very fragile and therefore easily broken, and some are just too small. More people in the world would recycle if only these recycling containers were built more for the consumers everyday use. Recycling is already a difficult task for many, so when a company produces a recycling device, it absolutely has to be exceptional. If not it would definitely discourage people from recycling. A simple example is the Neu Home 16-Gallon 2-Section Recycle Bin, which is a two-compartment recycle bin that holds 16 gallons/60 liters (8 gallons per compartment). It is made of stainless steel with plastic pullout buckets. It has a 30-day warranty and it is sold for $96.54. According to customer reviews, it is too expensive and not resistant at all, it is easily dented, and it is too small. The Plastic/Aluminum Recycling Center is another example. This container has superior quality, it is durable and it has unique disposal openings with recycle symbols and product labeling for clearly identification. It separates and stores recycling/trash material for easy removal and lower maintenance. It has a 55-gallon capacity (each compartment has a 27.5-gallon liner). It is sold for $240 plus $95 for shipping. Even though it is a good container and it seems resistant, the price is too high; therefore, people wont buy something that expensive. There are no reviews available for that contain er. Another example and one of the more advanced bins that there is for sale is the iTouchless 16 Gallon Recycling Containers with Infrared-Sensor Lid Openers, which holds 16 gallons/60 liters total and comes with two 8-gallon inner plastic buckets, one for trash and the other one for recycle. It works using the latest sensor technology, lid opens automatically and it remains open when your hands are 6 from the sensor. It brings open/close buttons for manual operation. It runs on 4 D-size batteries or optional AC-power adaptor. It has a 1-year manufacturers warranty and it is sold for $89.98. According to customer reviews, it is too fragile and easily broken because the lid is made of plastic, and the containers are small. In order to solve the problem of recycling and the containers, all of those models mentioned above should be improved by developing a new container that contains some of the pros of those already existing containers, and of course getting rid of the cons. First of all, the container cannot be made of plastic because it will be too fragile and it would probably break. It will have to be made of stainless steel bolts and hinges to make sure it is more resistant. The design can still have two buckets to store recyclable items, but instead of being capable of holding only 8 gallons per compartment, it will be made bigger so that it can hold at least 12 gallons per bucket (it cannot be made too big either because then it wont be feasible). The pedal mechanism can be removed because it can be easily damage or broken, so instead, the infrared-sensor will be kept so that it can open automatically. Each compartment will be properly labeled in order to identify where the trash and where the re cyclable items have to be placed. The device will work using the 4 D-size batteries or the optional AC-power adaptor. The container will have to include at least a 1-year warranty and an optional extended warranty. Ultimately our goal is to encourage recycling by developing this new and improved recycling container. By improving these recycling containers and developing one that is more efficient, people will be more motivated to purchase this type of recycling bins to recycle in their own homes. When people read bad reviews about products, they are less likely to buy it than when they read good comments about the product. Its just natural to not want to purchase a product that other consumers have negative encounters with. If the product is developed well, consumers get motivated in purchasing the improved container and in turn will start recycling more and fewer materials would be wasted. This would also reduced the size of the landfills and ultimately keep America a cleaner place. As a result, the benefits would not be only for people, but also for our environment because it would make the recycling process more effective. Feasibility Our idea to make a more productive and efficient recycling bin will be a feasible idea once we explain our reasoning in the following paragraph. For the already existing products we have described earlier in this essay, we will take the pros from those and what consumers have reviewed as best qualities about those recycling bins, and we will make something that is efficient in many areas that existing products lack. One of the problems with already existing models is the size and weight of the recycling bin. Our newly designed model will be made with high quality stainless steel, in a 12-gallon container, which will hold two compartments. The dimensions of this product will be approximately 36x 34.5 x 21.75 and it will weigh around 24 lbs; which will make it easier to handle. As for materials, most of the bin will be made from stainless steel as mentioned before and other features will include infrared-sensor. No plastic will be used because it has already been known to be too fragile and consumers were not happy with it. The cost of our product will be competitive with existing models. The cost of manufacturing the bin will be $92.50 and it will be sold on the market for $100.90. As for the installation of the product, the recycling bin will come already built in the box and all that will be needed to do is unwrap the packaging, install batteries or connect to AC power, and place in desired location for best accessibility. For best customer satisfaction, we have also decided to include one-year product warranty, therefore if there are any malfunctions the product will be fixed at no charge or replaced fully if needed. In addition, we will require consumers to take necessary measures to keep the recycle bin clean, especially around the infrared sensor area so it continues to work properly for years to come. It will also guarantee that if product is bought with battery power that it does not waste battery energy and will continue to work with one set of battery for at least one year, this in the long run will save the consumer expenses. This modern and advanced recycle bin will be best suited for an everyday household, where parents can also encourage and teach kids the importance of recycling. Given that the bin is sensory powered it will be easier for younger kids and for the elderly to operate the product since no foot-pedal mechanism is required, and will have a tightly shut lid that releases no odor and will work very silently to not be distracting. Conclusion Recycling saves the planet in many ways, for example, it reduces the amount of waste that is placed in the landfills, and therefore it lowers the pollution that those landfills create. Also, it reduces the amount of energy that it is used because it takes more energy to process new materials than already used materials. This is why recycling is so important and it is necessary that people start being conscious about our environment. They have to get used to the fact that everybody must start recycling if they want to conserve the planet. Thats why devices such as recycle/trash containers have been created, so that people can have the commodity of recycling in their own houses. As it was already mentioned, this containers need to be improved in order to satisfy peoples needs and that way more people will be motivated to buy this type of product for their homes. They need to be made resistant, durable, bigger, and they need to keep the advanced features as the infrared sensors so that it will automatically open. Future improvements with more technological advances could also be made to improve the recycling container. Even new types of containers can be developed. For example, in the future, it might be possible to develop a container that is able to automatically separate plastics from metals. It could have a metal detector so when it detects metal it places cans to one side and then when it doesnt detect metals, it can place plastics to the other side. Of course, it would only work by placing one item at a time. Another future improvement would be a container that is able to recognize recyclable from non-recyclable items, so that it would place regular trash in one side and recyclable products in another side. That would be even more complicated and it might not be feasible, but it would definitely help the recycling process because people wouldnt even have to place stuff in different compartments, just one compartment and the container would do the job of sorting the items out. People have already being working on designing new prototypes that are much more advanced and that have been made using the latest technology. Obviously, these devices are not for sale because they would be extremely expensive, so they are just prototypes for now. An example of one of these sophisticated devices is the Barcode Recycle Station, in which there are four bins, one for each type of recyclable material. When you scan an unknown item, the appropriate container will open up automatically. This prototype is an illustration that clearly shows that it is possible to make big improvements using the more advanced technology in order to develop better containers to help and motivate people to recycle. With new technological advances every day, it is likely that someday more efficient and affordable recyclable containers will be developed, allowing the standard recycling bins of today to be revolutionized to be capable of separating bottles from cans and recyclable products from tr ash that are being thrown into a bin. The use of stainless steel bolts and hinges instead of plastic, a larger compartment to store items, and a longer warranty for the recycling container would improve Americans mentality on recycling. These simple improvements to the trash bin would make America a much more efficient and environmentally friendly place to live.

Physician-assisted Suicide is Murder Essay -- Euthanasia Essay

Jeanette Hall once had the desire to die; a desire so strong, she even asked her doctor for help. Jeanette lives in Oregon, where assisted suicide is legal. On July 17, 2000, Jeanette was rushed to the Portland hospital only to be given a maximum time of survival: six months. She had been diagnosed with an inoperable form of colon cancer. Jeanette had a fear of losing her job, not being able to care for her loved ones, paying hospital bills, and suffering. It was her choice to die and was prepared to reject chemotherapy and radiation, but thankfully, Jeanette’s doctor, Dr. Kenneth Stevens, encouraged her to fight. Jeanette claims, â€Å"If he [Dr. Stevens] believed in physician-assisted suicide, I would not be here 13 years later to thank him, I would be dead† (Hall 1). Today, Jeanette is alive, happy, and healthy and speaks out against legalization, but because of the current legalization of physician-assisted suicide, she barely survived. Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia are similar in the fact that they end lives of terminally ill patients, but they vary on where they are legalized. In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that there is no constitutionally protected right to physician-assisted suicide but left it to the individual states to regulate physician-assisted death (Ardelt 1). Although states still have the option to legalize assisted suicide, the federal government has made euthanasia illegal in every state. Euthanasia is only legal in Belgium and the Netherlands (Somerville 1). Euthanasia refers to the practice of ending the life of another person to relieve pain and suffering and is usually performed by a doctor. Legal in Montana, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington to terminal adults, physician-assisted su... ...s, 21 Jan. 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. Rockett, Barbara. "Physician-assisted Suicide "in Direct Conflict" with Doctor's Role. "National Rights To Life News. National Rights to Life News, 1 Aug. 2012. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. Saad, Lydia. "U.S. Support for Euthanasia Hinges on How It's Described." U.S. Support for Euthanasia Hinges on How It's Described. Gallup, 29 May 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. Somerville, Margaret. "What Would We Lose by Legalising Euthanasia?" ABC.net. American Proadcasting Corporation, 24 May 2013. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. "Sunday Dialogue: Choosing How We Die." The New York Times. The New York Times, 30 Mar. 2013. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. Swarte, Nikki B. "Effects of Euthanasia on the Bereaved Family and Friends: A Cross Sectional Study." Home. BMJ, 17 June 2003. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. "The Impact of Euthanasia on Society." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.

Behavioral Statistics

Researchers participating in this particular study were interested in evaluating whether occasional intervening consisting of personalized feedback can be utilized in the decreasing of alcohol abuse amongst college aged students. Research consisted of inclusion of content on personalized feedback of participants involved in the study. Methods of observation used in the experiment were; participants, measures, procedures, and results.Participants were given the opportunity to participate in pre-intervention  assessment and randomization, various conditions of feedback, a follow-up assessment, and opportunity for compensation. The heavy drinking of some students reaches levels of clinical significance (Wechsler 3).In the research, statistical components incorporated consisted of summarization of participant’s drinking habits, how each individual participant’s drinking consumption compares to campus normatives, didactics pertaining to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), a nd estimation of calories consumed from alcohol binging. Face-to-face,computerized, and controlled, represented the feedback conditions used by researchers. These criterion were meant to establish proof as to whether a prominent difference is achieved between those who are allotted the assistance of a clinician, a computerized feedback form, or simply the option of responding to a personalized feedback form. Researchers concluded that the face-to-face variable along with the computerized intervention variable both succeeded equally in assisting in alcohol consumption reduction, but awarded a slight favorable edge to the face-to-face intervention, while thecontrol condition, however, flagged behind both. Results deemed brief alcohol intervention with college student drinkers via computerized intervention an efficient mechanism in the curving of alcohol abuse among the demographic. Works Cited Weshsler, H. and T. F. Nelson. â€Å"What We Have Learned From the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study: Focusing Attention on College Student Alcohol Consumption and the Environmental Conditions That Promote It. † Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2008; 69(4): 481-490.

regional paper essays

regional paper essays William Greider, a national affairs correspondent was quoted as saying "the great, unreported story in globalization is about power, not ideology. It's about how finance and business regularly, continuously insert their own self-interested deals and exceptions into rules and agreements that are then announced to the public as "free trade". Of course this being only one mans opinion, regional integration can bring neighboring countries closer to freer trade. This writer will explain the role of regional integration with global business and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of regional integration between those countries participating in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In addition, this writer will compare and contrast the economic development stages of those same countries and address the ramifications of economic development for global businessAs of December 1999, there were 214 agreements presented to the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and the WTO (World Trade Organization), with 134 considered to be in effect. From a worldwide perspective, one of the overall goals of the GATT and WTO is to reduce trade barriers. However, some countries have chosen to move the process of reduced trade barriers along by entering into regional trade agreements with other neighboring countries. Economic theories predict that these regional trade agreements promoting freer trade benefit all member countries. Some of the benefits from freer trade as a result of regional integration can be identified through greater world production, countries being recognized as a more efficient producer of a specialized good or service and stimulation in economic growth. In addition, political cooperation is established when nearby economies come together and rely on each other. Having this relationship can significantly reduce the potential for violent conflict between the states and can improve the overall political influe...

Essay on Theory of Supply

Essay on Theory of Supply Essay on Theory of Supply Competing Views of the Money Supply Process: Theory and Evidence Thomas I. Palley Dept. of Economics New School for Social Research New York, NY 10003 Revised July 1993 I Introduction. Within orthodox monetary macroeconomics the determination of the money supply is widely regarded as unproblematic. Recently, Post Keynesian economists have sought to re-open this issue, arguing for a re-focusing of attention away from the money multiplier toward the role of bank lending in this process. The current paper presents three competing models of the money supply process which illuminate some of the issues in this debate. The first model, labelled the "pure portfolio approach", corresponds to the orthodox description of the money supply process. The second model, labelled "the pure loan demand approach", corresponds to the Post Keynesian "accommodationist" view of endogenous money. The third model, labelled the "mixed portfolioloan demand approach", corresponds to the Post Keynesian "structuralist" view of endogenous money (see Pollin, 1991a). This third model is very much in the spirit of the earlier "New View" developed by Gurley and Shaw (1960), and Tobin (1969) in the 1960's. However, the model explicitly focuses on the money supply implications of the banking system's response to expansionary shifts of loan demand. The earlier New View theorists emphasized asset substitutabilities, and focused on changes in asset prices. This was consistent with their interest in the monetary transmission mechanism, but they took the money supply to be exogenous. Post Keynesians focus on the implications of asset substitutabilities for the money supply, and the capacity of the banking system to underwrite economic activity. The critical difference between the "pure loan demand" and "mixed portfolio-loan demand" models concerns the significance ascribed to the private initiatives of banks in accomodating increases in loan demand. In the pure loan demand model, accomodation depends exclusively on the stance of the monetary authority, and its willingness to meet the reserve pressures generated by increased bank lending. Howeve r, in the mixed model accomodation depends on both the stance of the monetary authority, and the private initiatives of banks. These initiatives are independent of the monetary authority, and are therefore suggestive of the structurally endogenous nature of "finance capital". II Three competing models of the money supply. A. The portfolio choice money multiplier model. We begin with the orthodox money multiplier model given by + (1) Hs = NBR + max [ 0 , BR(i - id) ] - + (2) Dd = D(i, y) - + (3) Cd = C(i, y) + + (4) Td = T(i, y) (5) Rd = k1Dd + k2Td - + (6) Ed = E(i, id) (7) Hd = Rd + Cd + Ed (8) Hs = Hd (9) M = Cd + Dd where Hs = supply of base NBR = non-borrowed reserves BR = borrowed reserves id = discount rate Dd = demand for checkable (demand) deposits Cd = demand for currency Td = demand for time deposits/bank cerificates of deposit Rd = required reserves Ed = demand for excess reserves Hd = demand for base i = nominal interest rate y = nominal income k1 = required reserve ratio for demand deposits k2 = required reserve ratio for time deposits M = M1 money supply Signs above functional arguments represent signs of partial derivatives. Equation (1) describes the base supply function, which consists of non-borrowed and borrowed reserves. The level of discount window borrowing is a positive function of the gap between market interest rates and the discount rate. Equations (2) and (3) describe the demands

Economics factors as barriers to effective Health Care Term Paper

Economics factors as barriers to effective Health Care - Term Paper Example According to Patricia & Mary (2007) ensuring a health rich globe, may take a million years if all health hazards remained constant. With this scenario impossible it becomes the duty of nations and health bodies to protect their citizens against health hazards. Making it hard to control global health is the fact that there are emergences of diseases which have no permanent treatment yet. However, other factors play a major role in the hindrance of provision of health care. These factors are influenced mostly by human activity. They mostly include economic and social factors. In many occasions social factors get all the attention disregarding the influence of the economic factors. In an argument by Ralph (2011) economic factors pose many threats than social factors yet they don’t get enough attention as the social factors. Economic factors that hinder effective health care include poverty, job descriptions and illegal trade of counterfeit drugs. The three factors are the leading economic factors that affect the global front in terms of provision of effective health care. This paper will focus on these three economic factors as barriers to proper provision of health care. Additionally, the paper will provide guidelines which may effectively address these issues. Also included will be the probability of the issues to be addressed permanently and effectively. Economic factors Poverty levels In words by Roslyn & Rick (2008) poverty is the largest hindrance to access of quality health care in many nations. The most affected nations are in their third world stage of evolution. Nations in the third world have large numbers of their population living under the poverty level line. This is greatly attributed to the fact that unemployment levels are at high levels. As a general assumption in many third world countries, basic needs are the first priority. Health care does not fall under the brackets of basic needs in these parts of the globe. Due to poverty levels lar ge numbers of populations prefer to use over the counter drugs to treat any form of illness. According to Simon & Heather (2007) this tendency is an evidence of how quality health care is made difficult to obtain. For the past five years thousands of people have succumbed to diseases due to lack of proper health care. Health researchers argue that it is not out of will that individual choose to seek poor health care. If given the chance and ability, every single individual on the face of the earth would opt to seek the best health care services. The living conditions and financial abilities determine the quality of health care one can get. It is for this reason that health bodies advocate for free provision of health care when it comes to very serious diseases. A good example is the treatment of HIV/ Aids. The treatment of HIV/Aids was made voluntary and free since the medication of the ARVs was too expensive. This step made it possible for people with poor living standards t access the medication. the results of this move is very significant as there is evidence of people living with the virus and live up to seven years before succumbing to death (Mwabu & Ishola, 2010). In an argument by Tracy (2009) it is an obvious assumption that a person living below a dollar per day may put proper medication as a last need in their budget. Poverty or low income levels also affect nations. Below the third world nations there are nations with low revenue

Electromagnetic Energy Storage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electromagnetic Energy Storage - Research Paper Example Electromagnetic field influences the behavior of objects in the vicinity of an electromagnetic field. The Electromagnetic waves that carry electromagnetic energy is a family of waves based on the frequency and wavelength (Tom and Heather 34). Arranged in order of increasing frequency then we have Gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, Visible light, Microwaves Infrared, and Radio waves. Gamma rays have the highest frequency hence a high energy while the Radio waves have the lowest frequency and therefore have less energy. Electromagnetic energy can be stored in electrical devices such as the capacitors and Inductors. For an electric field, the total energy density which is given by energy stored per unit volume can be determined to be . Where the symbols assume their scientific meaning, this relation is useful in the evaluation of the total energy stored in a capacitor. An inductor is a coil of electrical wire with parameters that enable it to store energy in the form of the magnetic field (David, 1989). The magnetic field energy density is given by. This energy density is useful in the determination of energy stored in the Inductor. Both the electric and magnetic fields play important roles in energy transport as described by the pointing vector (Mats and Jonsson 23). It is however important to notice that the energy associated with magnetic and electric fields is equal and therefore the use of one the equation above can be used to represent the other. It is also important to realize that for an ele ctromagnetic wave with particular energy, the electric field is directly proportional to the energy of â€Å"the magnetic field with a constant of proportionality equal to the speed of light† (Mats and Jonsson 30) â€Å"According to Faradays law, a changing magnetic field† (Chegg 31) such as a magnet moving inside a conducting

How to lose your weight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to lose your weight - Essay Example We try sometimes to keep attending the gym or going for five laps around the field every day. But, how many times do we find ourselves missing due to many excuses and being tired? All these only show us how much we struggle to lose weight, by putting on the willpower, but many a times we are weakened by our programs and weaknesses. Everyone likes being lean, especially ladies. Being lean helps us to live healthily with less susceptibility to dangerous diseases such as obesity, high-blood pressure, heart attack and cardiac arrest among others. We, therefore, employ various practices to help us lose weight to achieve this state. However, some of the practices we employ have other effects on us, if we dont do them right. In this essay, our main focus will be on some practices we employ to help us lose weight and their possible effects on our health. One main reason people gain weight faster is the excess amounts of food they intake, especially the carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are rich in calories that can make us fat very fast. To help us avoid increasing weight due to excess intake of carbohydrates, we can kill our appetite to allow us take less food and eat appropriately. Adequate portions of food should be taken, and this should be balanced for a balanced diet. We should reduce the number of times they eat per day and get used to leaner diets. A lot of proteins should be included in every food portions one would server. In as much as this method works to help people lose weight, some people overdo it, which causes negative effects to their health. Instead of just reducing the quantities of food that they take, some people end up starving since they want to lose weight faster. Starving has negative effects that will leave one very weak and susceptible to many diseases still. Conditions such as ulcers may also come in when one starves too much. Some people also decline to take carbohydrates and any food portion with fat at all. This may also make one grow

Confrontational level Essay Example for Free

Confrontational level Essay Shown by Helens sheer lack of thought for her daughter Jo, she has no consideration for her feelings. She continually ensures the suppression of her daughter and at one stage has the audacity to express this on a confrontational level. I have to consider something far more important than your feelings.(Pg 1)  This is further confirmation of Helens severe disrespect and heartlessness towards her daughter. An attitude which stemmed from her initial rejection to motherhood and forthcoming child. She blames Jo for her divorce-her birth being the event that revealed Helens unfaithfulness to the husband she described as a retard. In my judgement, she has not learnt to handle her problems and take full responsibility for her immoral doings. This has proven very costly in both her and her daughters lives. Cathies mothers consideration for her can be described as the other end of the extreme. Her calm, quiet approach to the situation reveals how valuable she sees their relationship; enough not to be damaged in a way that Helen made possible.  The fact that Helen doesnt know much about her daughter and Cathies mother feels she knows her daughter is of significance in their relationship. Helens reaction to Jos personal drawings was one of shock, yet pleasant surprise. I didnt realise I had such a talented daughter.  This demonstrates not only the fact that she hasnt spent quality time learning and bonding with her daughter, but the sad reality that Helen hasnt desired to. Prior to the above quote, Helen implied that she expected her daughter to tell her everything about herself she has a right to know.  I thought you said you werent good at anything  Here, we see that Helen has just taken Jos word for the matter; she has simply accepted it and not bothered to know otherwise.  The fact that some daughters are able to talk to their mothers about boyfriends/relationships shows the closer friendship a mother and daughter can share. Helen didnt know whether or not Jo ad a boyfriend, and this mirrors the lack of confidence Jo has in Helen as a Mother, let alone a friend. Helen doesnt seem to possess A Mothers Fondness the built-in, unconditional, love and interest a Mother has in the welfare of their child. On the other hand, Cathies mother feels that she knows her child all too well. She is confident that her daughter wouldnt understand her if she showed she was angry:   I knew that she would not see my anger, as love for her  The Mothers maternal instincts lead her to believe something was not right when her daughter didnt arrive home on time. This shows that Cathie is respectful of her Mothers wishes to be home on time. Her mother is familiar with her character and feels she knows her. She says:  she would have poured to tell me if she was going away anywhere.  When each Mother-daughter relationship begins to encounter difficulty, the Mothers react differently. Cathies Mum blames herself for her daughters behaviour. She is fully aware of her parental responsibilities/duties. She knows that her actions have a deep impact on her daughter and their relationship status. I had failedit was my fault she was as she was. I had brought myself pain.  The Mother distinguishes the problem and wants to make amends to their estranged relationship. She does her best to prevent yet another hurtful row and keeps silent; praying it wont happen again.  Helen however, (as mentioned previously) doesnt spare a single thought for her daughters feelings. She quite willingly expresses her thoughts and emotions in a rude and obnoxious manner and openly declares that she is not responsible for her daughter or their situation.  Have I ever laid claim to being a proper mother.  This quote shows that she is not hypocritical about herself, which in a way is a good thing. However, there is nothing positive about Helens approach to motherhood. Unlike Cathies Mother who blames herself, Helen points her finger at Jo:  Its your fault In act__scene__, Helen attempts to justify her reasons for neglecting Jo.  QUOT   The way in which the daughters are portrayed in the text differ in that so much sympathy is evoked in the audience for Jo. She has had to live her life and grow up without a true Mother. She has not had someone to look up to, someone to show her love and be a backbone, especially during the time of adolescence. The atmosphere at the flat is one of hopelessness, tension and distress, which is why we feek sirr for her. SETTING ON STAGE In A Mothers Fondness we sympathise with the Mother as she cares so much for her daughter who feels as if she doesnt.  Despite the many differences in each mother-daughter relationship, there are also many similarities. One of which is the way both daughters use some form of escapism to avoid facing up to their problems. When Cathie learned that her mum had been everywhere looking for her, she asked her friend Elaine if she could stay and not return home. She had missed two busses and expected that her mum would be very upset with her. She would be furiousThis meant another row.  Elaine, I dont want to go home. Cant I stay here?  It is evident from this quote that Cathie would rather remain with her friend, away from home and the prospect of another argument with her mother. This teaches the audience that the disagreements she had with her mother were emotionally very damaging she couldnt bear another instance wherein she and her mother were on bad terms.  Unlike Cathie, Jo recites nursery rhymes for fun with Geoff. This can be read into and analysed in a psychological sense: the nursery rhymes bring her laughter, which aids in transporting her to the childhood she never enjoyed. You look like a spratt. Jack Spratt, whod eat no fat, his wife would eat no lean and so between then both, you see, they licked the platter clean. Did u enjoy that dramatic recitation? (pg51)  Her question at the end prompts a positive response from Geoff who doesnt want to deflate her cheerful mood. She encourages that he joins in, wanting someone to play with as it were.  You say one We can imagine that this was said with a happy expectant look upon her face. Geoff then proceeds to recite another rhyme and upon completion, she expresses how much she enjoyed it: I like that. Do you know any more?  Jo is keen that this playful, childlike interaction between them continues. She gets much more out of it than would any other average person. The fun factor and distraction nursery rhymes brought about were doing her good she was not dwelling upon thoughts of her broken family.  Both Jo and Cathie feel as though they are not receiving enough care and attention they want to feel loved. This is another similarity found in each relationship. During the car journey Cathie and her mother made home, they remained silent (as previously highlighted). Though most other teens resent the fact that in the same situation, their mums would talk endlessly about how worried they were and so on, Cathie would rather that was the case. I was angryshe was acting as if nothing had happenedShe simply didnt care about me  In any relationship, it is important that there is balance between certain factors. Cathie and her mum are at one end of the extreme maintaining their silence no fuss. This is the absolute opposite to Jo and Helen who are at the other end of the extreme.  In Jos case, she threatens to jump out of the window in order to determine whether or not Helen cares about her. She wants to hear someone does actually care for her. Her desperation and longing for love is made evident in her dramatic actions. Jo is aware that the concept of actions speaking louder than words is never going to be a reality for her. Therefore she resorts to grabbing any ounce of love Helen had to offer her even it was mere words. This attention seeking is to be expected from Jo, as Helen never really gave Jo a mothers love. We can be certain that a lack of communication is common within each relationship. Weve seen how Cathies mother found it difficult to express her upset to her daughter and visa versa. We also know that the effects of this were negative: Cathie felt that her mother didnt care for her, and her mother felt that Cathie hated her. The two of them are alike in that they pretend that everything is ok between them when there are clearly important issues to be tackled and discussed. It is important that each mother and daughter feel they can talk to each other on a mature and serious level. At times, we see Jo making attempts to do so. However, Helen does not respond to this very well and is constantly changing the subject showing her inability to listen to her daughter.

Economics Indicators :: essays papers

Economics Indicators Investments The Stock-Trak investment simulation program began on August 30th, which marked the first day that trading was allowed. A total available amount of $300,000 was used for investing. The objective of this assignment is to maximize the value of the portfolio through November 19th, which was the last day of the trading period. I began the process of choosing specific investments for my portfolio by taking an asset allocation questionnaire (appendix I). Since the objective was to maximize portfolio value, I made sure for each question asked that I chose the answer with the most risk. My reasoning being that having my money in risky investments will on average lead to a greater return than investments with lower risk. The objective did not mention risk tolerance, and I wanted a portfolio composition with a good chance of earning exceptional returns. After completing the survey, I ended up with an aggressive asset allocation plan (appendix II). This stated that 85% of my money should b e invested in stocks, while the remaining 15% of my money should be invested in bonds. I had several basic strategies that I felt would lead to my portfolio having high returns. First I felt that it was important to invest early on in the trading period so that I would not miss any positive returns the market might yield (I was fully invested by September 10th). Secondly I wanted to buy all my investments and hold them because I believe that this strategy will best maximize returns. Timing the market I felt was lucky and too complicated. Finally I wanted to make sure that I bought at least 25 separate assets, so that I could be properly diversified. I used the Wall Street Journal to pick my individual stocks. My personal strategy was to pick stocks that were at or near their 52 week low in price. I felt that corporations, especially those that were well known, at or near their 52 week low in price would gain momentum. Furthermore I made sure that I was choosing companies that were i n diverse industries. I also included some international companies as well as some relatively smaller firms to add to my portfolio. My strategy on buying bonds was to buy four bonds that had different maturity dates, and came from different issuers such as corporate and government bonds.

Conflict: Science against Religion Essay

Throughout the ages science and religion have struggled with one another. They both are constantly striving to gain the upper hand against the other. Within this struggle both are trying to assert the fact that their ideas are accurate and how the others ideas are inaccurate. Science yearns to answer the questions of how things happen through the means of solid facts. Religion, on the other hand, seeks to answer the question of why things occur and its thought process is grounded in faith. Some believe that the two views are not in turmoil with one another. This thought process is extremely skewed because these two belief systems contradict one another consistently and believers of each view then struggle to prove their perspective is correct. Science and religion, â€Å"do not have the same viewpoints about the nature of the world or agree about how truth is perceived or confined† (Neese, 2001). These two ideologies are at war with one another. The issues between the two cann ot be overlooked or brushed under the rug because there are too many opposing aspects. Because of this there is no way for these two ideologies to coexist harmoniously. When science and religion have overlapping topics that attempt to answer the same questions, conflict occurs between believers of each theory. A good example of this overlap is the Evolution theory. This theory has caused controversy from its beginnings in history. Evolution, as defined by Webster’s Dictionary, is â€Å"a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations† (Webster, 2012). The placement of this theory in high school text books has been very controversial. Multiple court cases have been fought over the theory of evolution and its existence within public schools’ curriculum. There are cases dating back from 1968 up until present day arguing about whether this theory should be taught to students (Masamura & Mead, 2001). According to religion, God made all things. This is known as creationism. Within the creationism theory there is no margin for compromise. God made man and there is no other explanation in accordance with the creationism theory. The Theory of Evolution contradicts everything that religion is based on. The Bible says that God created the animals but he also created man. The Bible speaks nothing of God creating animals and they evolving into mankind, so the idea that religious parties could agree with the evolutionary theory and accept it is ludicrous. Regardless of whether it is acknowledged or not, science is deeming what religion believes as a lie. There is no way to avoid the turmoil that it causes by attempting to prove that God didn’t make man but instead we evolved from animals. Debates regarding where mankind comes from seems to elevate tempers and leads to arguments. History shows us that people have not agreed upon these two opinions and it has led to judicial action b ecause there could not be an agreement made about the subjects. These are not issues of the past but are still currently raging throughout society even today. It is absurd to think that the theory of creationism and the theory of evolution do not cross over into one another and create conflict. How could two views that are polar opposites possibly be agreed upon? It is a simple answer; they can and will not be agreed upon. Another argument that rages between science and religion is the argument about the approximate age of the Earth. Science believes that the Earth is billions of years old; meanwhile, religious groups believe that the Earth is approximately 10,000 years old. Scientists believe that the earth can be dated back over 4 billion years using a method of Argon-Argon dating (Robins, 2006). On the other hand religious groups use the Bible as a reference to date the earth. Science argues that their method of dating is accurate and they have found fossils that are millions of year old; yet, religion argues that â€Å"The Great Flood† trapped carbon around the fossils and therefore would negate the carbon dating process that is typically used when dating fossils (Fossil, 2011). There are drastic differences between the timeline that science has created and the one religion uses. Science relies on gathering evidence that allows a conclusion to be made about the Earth’s age; meanwhile, religion relies upon the Bible and declares nothing can be questioned because the Bible is absolute. The argument regarding the age of the Earth is definitely a continuing issue. These two viewpoints have no common ground and will continue to conflict one another. The question of why someone is a homosexual has plagued debates for years. This argument is very emotional for a lot of people. Science and religion both have very opposing views of this topic. Some scientists believe that homosexuality is linked to genetics and have been trying to locate the gene that causes someone’s homosexuality (Abrams, 2007). Yet, religious sects believe that homosexuality is a choice. Science is trying to prove that people do not choose to be gay but instead are born with the predisposition to like someone of the same gender. In religious groups this view is widely rejected because the Bible states that homosexuality is wrong, and God would not make someone more prone to â€Å"sin†. The debate regarding the origins of why someone lives the homosexual lifestyle has not fully been pinpointed in science yet but this still doesn’t calm the argument with religious groups. The fight over giving homosexuals the right to legally marry in the U.S. gives us a good example of how heated this debate actually is and how far it is from being resolved. Several states have voted to allow gay marriage while the majority of states still have not latched on to the idea due to religious backgrounds within the communities. Not as widely discussed but still a conflicting issue for science and religion is the iss ue of death. The belief in the hereafter, or lack thereof, is strongly debated among scientists and religious groups. Science does not prove or disprove the existence of anything occurring after death. Some scientists argue that the phenomenon of an out of body experience is simply the result of the brain continuing to work even though the body does not (Fitzpatrick, 2010). This discredits people’s stories of experiencing the hereafter and coming back from it. Religion gives a greater purpose in life and the ultimate goal is to spend eternity in the heavenly realm. By some scientists disregarding the possibility of a hereafter it adds to the tension that already exists between religion and science. Since science leaves for the possibility that nothing exists after we die, it doesn’t support the theory that religion does. In not supporting the idea of something existing after we die, it creates an invisible wall between science and religion and leaves room for argumentative discussions. One of the most overlooked conflicts between science and religion is the separation of the languages. There are multiple theories about how language developed and changed according to s cience. Most scientists will agree that they believe evolution played a large part in the diversity of languages. Science bases the evolution of multiple languages on people slightly changing their current dialect as they migrated to different regions. Many scientists believe that the first language was developed somewhere in Africa (Wade, 2011). Religion seeks a completely different approach to the development of the separate languages. Religion bases the changing of dialects to the event that occurred at the tower of Babel, as recorded by the Bible. The Bible says that people were joining together to build a tower to reach to heaven. God was displeased with this act so he separated the languages so the people could no longer understand one another; thus, stopping their ability to work together to build the tower (Genesis 11, KJV). These two counter ideas both answer the question of how languages evolved but in two extremely different ways. In no way are these two theologies coexisting seei ng that there are no similarities between their theories. People argue about the existing conflict between religion and science. Some argue for the presence of a conflict, while others argue that turmoil simply does not exist between the two. A man by the name of Stephen Jay Gould â€Å"referred to the non-overlapping magisterial of science and religion, with the former describing reality – what is – and the latter dealing with values – how we ought to act† (Fish, 2010). Gould argued in his book, â€Å"Rock of Ages†, â€Å"that science and religion can coexist because they occupy two separate spheres of the human experience. According to Gould, science and God are inherently divided and thus can easily co-exist in the human belief system. Science, he argues, answers questions of fact, while religion covers questions of morality† (Clark, n.d.). Many people have the same viewpoint as Gould or a similar one. This argument suggests that these two ideologies run parallel to one another, therefore there is no possible way for them to conflict. By making this kind of claim it is saying that there is a limit to what science can investigate and theorize about. If science and religion do not overlap as Gould and many others suggest, then it would box these two ideologies in and limit their topics of discussion. In reality, this can never occur. You cannot limit the topics in which both science and religion have opinions about, because this would be the only way for these two to have no overlapping viewpoints. This argument defines science and religion as being two separate entities that do not cross over into one another. This is not reality however. Whether it be creation, sexual preference, death, or the separation of languages; all of these things have obviously been delved into by both science and religion. The argument that these two approaches of doctrine exist parallel is unrealistic. If that were the case then that would mean that no topic discussed by science or religion has ever or will ever be of the same subject. As everyone knows, throughout history science and religion have undoubtedly had discussions about the same subject ma tter; thus, negating the whole basis for Gould’s argument and others who believe as he does. If logic is used and we look at both of these ways of thinking we see the drastic difference in their opinions. This leads to a dialogue about who is right and who is wrong. There is no middle ground with these conflicting views. â€Å"Science is based on verifiable facts, whereas religion rests on faith that is not amendable to verification† (Dias, 2010). These two thought processes show no similarities; therefore, they do not have common ground and cannot agree. The desire for knowledge will always be prevalent in the human race. With this obtained knowledge comes theory and with theory comes disputes. Here stems the disagreements between science and religion. The never ending feud about whose viewpoint is right is raging as strong today as it has been in the past. The conflicts encountered within these two ideologies have no end in the foreseeable future. Their methodologies keep these two polar opposites continually disputing with one another. If there is a way for science and religion to harmoniously exist with one another, society has yet to find it. There are utopian ideas that attempt to reconcile science and religions altercations but no attempt at calming this argument has been successful thus far. Albert Einstein said that â€Å"science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind,† (Neese, 2001). His statement is rather idealistic and unfortunately we do not currently live in a world where this way of thinking is widespread. No matter how good it would be for these two groups to coexist, it will never happen due to their drastically different views. Maybe in time things will progress but as for now the two remain at war with one another. References Abrams, M. (2007). BORN GAY?. Discover, 28: 58-83. Retrieved Friday, August 10, 2012 from EBSCOhost database. Clark, Josh. (n.d.) Can God and Science Co-exist? Retrieved from http://science.howstuff works.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/god-science-co-exist.htm. DIAS, P. (2010). Is Science Very Different from Religion? A Polanyian Perspective. Science & Christian Belief, 22(1), 43-55. â€Å"Evolution†. (2012). In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved August 28, 2012, from http://www. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/evolution. Fish, J. M. (2010). Science VS Religion DEBATE. Humanist,70(4), 27-31. Fitzpatrick,L. (2010). Is There Such a Things as Life After Death?. Time. Retrieved from http://www.Time.com. Fossil and Radiosiotope Dating. (2011). Retrieved August 28, 2012, from http://creationscience today.com/28-Carbon-14_Dating.html Helden, A.V. (1995). The Galileo Project. Retrieved from http://galileo.rice.edu/bio/narrative _7.html. Masamura,M. , Mead, L. (2001). Ten Major Court Cases About Evolution and Creationism. Retrieved from http://ncse.com/taking-action/ten-major-court-cases-evolution- Creationism. Neese, L. H. (2001). SCIENCE vs. RELIGION: The Challenge of Interpretation. USA Today Magazine, 130(2674), 70. Robins, M. (2006). How We Know Earth’s Age. Discover, 27(3), 22-23. Retrieved Friday, August 10, 2012 from EBSCOhost database. Wade, N. (2011). Phonetic Clues Hint Language is Africa – Born. New York Times, Retrieved from http://newyorktimes.com.